NCERT Question 2 (iii)

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects

 

Answer:

Multi-purpose river projects are built to store, regulate, and use river water for different purposes like irrigation, hydroelectricity, and flood control.

Advantages:

  1. Irrigation & Drinking Water – Provides water for agriculture and household use.
  2. Hydroelectricity Generation – Produces renewable energy for industries and homes.
  3. Flood Control – Dams regulate river flow, preventing floods.
  4. Navigation & Fisheries – Maintains water levels for transport and fish breeding.
  5. Recreation & Tourism – Dams and reservoirs create tourist spots and boost local economies.

Disadvantages:

  1. Displacement of People – Large dams submerge villages, forcing people to relocate.
  2. Environmental Damage – Affects aquatic ecosystems and causes deforestation.
  3. Disrupts Natural Sediment Flow – Causes erosion downstream, reducing soil fertility.
  4. Water Conflicts – States and countries fight over water-sharing from dams.
  5. Risk of Earthquakes & Floods – Heavy water storage increases seismic activity and dam failure risks.
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